Painting Tips
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Interior Walls
Darker shades may require an additional coat for proper hiding. The actual shade, especially for darker shades, can be observed only after it is dry.Solvent based paints (those using thinner other than water) should be given twice as long a drying time than given here in case of high humidity climate like monsoons.Putty can be applied to make the substrate smoother; however it has to be sandwiched between 2 coats of primer.
Exterior Walls
No interior primer or putty or Plaster of Paris is to be applied under the exterior finishes. Doing so will affect the performance of the paint.New surfaces must be coated with one additional coat of self priming (1:1 by volume) with water.The cement coating has to be done within 2 hours of mixing with water. After the coating and after 4 hours of drying, curing with water to be done 2 - 3 times a day for one coat.
Brush Application
  • Choice of Brush
    • The best quality of brushes are made up of hog bristles. These bristles taper from the roof to the tip where each is split into two or more fine strands known as flag, which enable a high degree of finish.
    • In cheaper brushes a proportion of other animal hair or vegetable fibres are used. These are superior to pure bristles in their resistance to wear, but are smooth and non-absorbent. Hence they carry less paint and have a tendency to run-off from the brush.
    • A brush of suitable size for the work at hand should always be selected. Using a small brush on a large area makes it difficult to apply an even coating and slows down rate of working.
  • Use and Maintenance of Brushes
    • In a new brush, bristles hold dust and broken bristles must be washed out before using the brush for finish work. Soap water can be used for washing out the new brushes. A paint brush works best when it is 'broken in' that is, when it has acquired a level at the end of bristles.
    • Brush is dipped in the paint and is rubbed against the sides of the kettle. After painting is over, excess paint is brushed back into the container, the brush is scrapped clean with a blunt putty knife, rubbed on a suitable surface, then rinsed out in thinner and 'spun' dry.
    • It should be thoroughly washed in soap water and dried.
  • Brushing Technique
    • At a time, the area to be painted has to be small, to facilitate the distribution of paint without loss of time.
    • Otherwise, brush marks are inevitable.
    • The pressure of the brush must be equal for all strokes so that the paint easily penetrates to the surface.
    • In order to ensure the levelling and elimination of brush marks, "laying off" should be done with very less pressure.
  • Paints suitable for Brushing
    • Air drying type, based on long/medium oil length alkyds, emulsion, distemper are ideal for brush application.
    • Quick drying type paints based on medium to short oil length alkyd and fast evaporating solvent like Xylene are not suitable.
Roller Application
  • Techniques
    • For large areas it is more convenient to work from a bucket than a tray;
    • a perforated grid is placed inside the bucket, the roller being dipped into the paint and then rolled over the grid to remove surplus material and distribute it evenly.
    • With the tray, a reservoir at an end holds the paint;
    • after charging the roller, it is rolled out on the platform of the tray.
    • In use, the roller is rolled over the surface in criss-cross strokes, working the material out evenly. Paints normally used for brushing can be hand-rolled.
  • Hand Rolling
    • At present hand rolling is done mainly for decorative and maintenance paintings.
    • Roller Coating application is of particular value on broad plain surfaces.
    • The covering material for the roller may be plastic sponge.
    • When equipped with a long handle extension, roller may be used for floor painting and work otherwise inaccessible.
  • Machine Rolling
    • Roller coating application is used virtually exclusively for coating metal containers such as tins and also for some drums, kegs and barrels:
    • which can be formed from the coated sheet.
    • The coating material is fed on the rubber roller through two smaller feed rollers which are of precision ground iron or steel.
    • The sheets pass between rollers, rubber covered roller and a metal backing roller.
    • After coating, the sheets pass through conveyor belt in the ovens and are stoved.
  • Paints suitable for Roller Coating
    • They must have
    • Excellent adhesion and flexibility.
    • Excellent opacity
    • Excellent flow and application characteristics
    • Adequate chemical resistance for the end use.
    • Adequate intercoat adhesion between various coats.
    • The main features of this process are high product rates, minimum losses, controlled film weight and thickness and economy.
Spray Application
  • Conventional Spraying
    • It operates on the principle of jet of fluid paint subjected to a stream of air.
    • The correct balance between air and paint is essential for atomization and hence successful spraying.
    • The system required for spray painting consists essentially of a source of compressed air, filter for removing dirt, water and oil, a container for the paint and a spray gun.
  • Paint suitable for spraying
    • Normally paints are based on short oil alkyds and compositions based on fast evaporating solvents like Xylene and NC Lacquer
  • After Care
    • Cleaning of paint drips on flooring and other substrates is often considered as tedious work as it involves time and risk to valuable articles. Following are some tips for cleaning of various types of paint drips on different substrates:
      Cleaning of Paint Drips:
      When painting your home, care should be always taken that the paint fallen on the floor should be immediately wiped out. Articles like fans, chandeliers, cupboards, centre tables, beds, chairs, etc. should always be covered with plastic sheet to avoid further cleaning
      Water Based Paints:
      (distempers, Asian wall putty, emulsion paints - interior as well as exterior including water based luxury enamel and primers).
      Wet condition:Immediately wash with cold water and wipe with clean Cloth.
      Dried film:
      First, the drip should be soaked with water or dilute detergent solution. The film should be scrapped by a suitable scrapper. While scratching, care should be taken not to damage the value and appearance of the substrate, especially incase of wooden, marble or valuable metal articles / substrates.
      Solvent Based Paints:
      (enamels, interior wall paints like Lustre or Matt, all primers, knifing paste filler, Touchwood; etc.)
      Wet condition:
      Immediately wash with mineral turpentine oil and wipe with clean cloth.
      Dried film:
      The drip should be soaked with mineral turpentifle or if dried for more time i.e. two days, then use Xylene and then scratch the film by a suitable scrapper. While scratching, care should be taken not to damage the value and appearance of the substrate, especially incase of wooden, marble or valuable metal articles / substrates. Then the area should be wiped with water or dilute detergent solution and dried.
      Wood Finishes:
      Melamyne or PU, etc.)
      Wet Condition:
      The drips of Melamyne can be cleaned by soaking with Thinner and then wiping out with dean cloth. Similarly, PU can be cleaned by soaking with PU Thinner and then wiping with clean cloth.
      Recoating on a painted / polished wood with clear finish:
      Apply paint remover / stripper on the surface. Scrap the peeled coating from the surface of the wood. Clean the surface with NC thinner to remove traces of paint film and residual paint remover / material. Allow sufficient time (overnight) before applying any coating.
      Changing colour of the wood: Remove the colour with paint remover however, if the stain has been directly applied to wood, removal of stain will be difficult. In such cases, it is advisable to apply the same stain or darker during recoating work.
      Cleaning the drips of Touchwood:
      Melamyne and PU on wooden articles & on floor / tiles: It is difficult to remove the drip marks from wooden articles. If the paint is penetrated through the surface then, entire film has to be removed and recoated. It can be done with the help of scrapper or files (available in hardware stores) gently without damaging the wood.
      Drip marks on the floor / tiles
      can be removed by carefully scrapping with putty knife or scrapper. However, mask the area near the coating surface as scrapping of coating in case of Melamyne and PU can be very time - consuming. Cleaning of wax drips: Carefully scrape up as much solid wax as possible. Next, place a freezer bag of ice cubes over the affected area for several minutes. As the cold makes wax more brittle, use a butter knife to scrape off additional residue. Finally, try a warm-hot method. Use a hair dryer to soften the balanced material and scrape it away or place a very absorbent material like thick paper towel (or napkin) on the spill and hit it with warm-hot iron. The wax will be liquefied and absorbed up into the material.
  • Cleaning of carpet
    • Cleaning of water based paint:Scrape off as much paint as possible with an old knife or similar. Then using a cloth or sponge dipped in the solution (a cup of warm water and a spoon of dish detergent, no bleach), dab the stain working from the outside in. If the paint does not start to dissolve in soapy water then it may need to be soaked for a few minutes. When some of the paint starts to dissolve, use a tissue to blot up the paint filled fluid that is being created. A little clean water also can be used. The key thing is to always use a blotting motion and not a pouring motion or else it may lead to saturation of the carpet and spreading of the stain.
      Cleaning of oil based paint:For oil based coatings, solvent like mineral turpentine or methylated spirit can be used. A better one to use is dry cleaning solvent. Just the same as water based coatings, dampen a rag and dab the paint stain from outside in not spreading the stain. Then, use a detergent solution to remove the dissolved paint.
      Removal of mildew from bathroom:Use an old toothbrush to scrub the mildew from the grout between tiles. For more stubborn stains cover them with a paste of scouring powder that contains bleach, leave for a few hours. Scrub and rinse clean. After using the shower, leave the door or curtain open. Wipe down the walls to dry them. Once they are close dry. Close the shower door or curtain to allow that to dry also.
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